Python adalah bahasa programming yang mudah dipelajari dan sangat powerful. Mari pelajari dari dasar.

Install Python

Linux

# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3 python3-pip
python3 --version
pip3 --version

Windows & Mac

# Download dari python.org
# Atau gunakan package manager
Mac dengan Homebrew
brew install python3
Windows dengan Chocolatey
choco install python

Python Basics

Hello World

# Print ke console
print("Hello, World!")
Input dari user
nama = input("Masukkan nama: ")
print(f"Halo, {nama}!")

Variables dan Data Types

# String
nama = "Budi"
pesan = 'Hello World'
multi_line = """
Ini adalah
multi-line string
"""
Number
umur = 25        # integer
harga = 99.99    # float
kompleks = 3+4j  # complex
Boolean
aktif = True
selesai = False
None (null equivalent)
data = None

Type Conversion

# Convert types
angka_str = "123"
angka_int = int(angka_str)   # 123
angka_float = float(angka_str)  # 123.0
Check type
print(type(angka_int))  # <class 'int'>

Operators

Arithmetic Operators

a = 10
b = 3
print(a + b)   # 13 (addition)
print(a - b)   # 7 (subtraction)
print(a * b)   # 30 (multiplication)
print(a / b)   # 3.33 (division)
print(a // b)  # 3 (floor division)
print(a % b)   # 1 (modulus)
print(a ** b)  # 1000 (exponent)

Comparison Operators

x = 5
y = 3
print(x == y)  # False
print(x != y)  # True
print(x > y)   # True
print(x <= y)  # False

Logical Operators

a = True
b = False
print(a and b)  # False
print(a or b)   # True
print(not a)    # False

Control Flow

If-Else Statement

nilai = 85
if nilai >= 90:
print("A")
elif nilai >= 80:
print("B")
elif nilai >= 70:
print("C")
else:
print("D")
Ternary operator
status = "Lulus" if nilai >= 70 else "Tidak Lulus"

Match Statement (Python 3.10+)

hari = "Senin"
match hari:
case "Senin" | "Selasa" | "Rabu":
print("Hari kerja awal")
case "Kamis" | "Jumat":
print("Hari kerja akhir")
case "Sabtu" | "Minggu":
print("Weekend")
case _:
print("Tidak valid")

Loops

For Loop

# Range loop
for i in range(5):
    print(i)  # 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Range with start and step
for i in range(0, 10, 2):
print(i)  # 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
Iterate list
buah = ["apel", "jeruk", "mangga"]
for item in buah:
print(item)
Enumerate
for index, item in enumerate(buah):
print(f"{index}: {item}")

While Loop

i = 0
while i < 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1
Break and continue
for i in range(10):
if i == 3:
continue  # Skip 3
if i == 7:
break     # Stop at 7
print(i)

Data Structures

Lists

# Create list
buah = ["apel", "jeruk", "mangga"]
Access elements
print(buah[0])   # apel
print(buah[-1])  # mangga (last)
print(buah[1:3]) # ['jeruk', 'mangga']
Modify
buah.append("anggur")    # Add to end
buah.insert(0, "durian") # Insert at index
buah.remove("jeruk")     # Remove by value
buah.pop()               # Remove last
buah.pop(0)              # Remove at index
List comprehension
angka = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
kuadrat = [x**2 for x in angka]
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
genap = [x for x in angka if x % 2 == 0]
[2, 4]

Dictionaries

# Create dictionary
user = {
    "nama": "Budi",
    "umur": 25,
    "kota": "Jakarta"
}
Access
print(user["nama"])        # Budi
print(user.get("email"))   # None (safe access)
print(user.get("email", "[email protected]"))
Modify
user["email"] = "[email protected]"
user.update({"phone": "123456"})
del user["phone"]
Iterate
for key in user:
print(f"{key}: {user[key]}")
for key, value in user.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
Dictionary comprehension
angka = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
kuadrat = {x: x**2 for x in angka}
{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}

Tuples and Sets

# Tuple (immutable)
koordinat = (10, 20)
x, y = koordinat  # Unpacking
Set (unique values)
angka = {1, 2, 3, 3, 4}  # {1, 2, 3, 4}
angka.add(5)
angka.remove(1)
Set operations
a = {1, 2, 3}
b = {2, 3, 4}
print(a | b)  # Union: {1, 2, 3, 4}
print(a & b)  # Intersection: {2, 3}
print(a - b)  # Difference: {1}

Functions

Basic Functions

# Define function
def sapa(nama):
    return f"Halo, {nama}!"
print(sapa("Budi"))
Default parameters
def sapa(nama="User"):
return f"Halo, {nama}!"
Multiple return
def hitung(a, b):
return a + b, a - b, a * b
tambah, kurang, kali = hitung(10, 5)

Args and Kwargs

# *args (variable positional arguments)
def jumlah(*angka):
    return sum(angka)
print(jumlah(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))  # 15
**kwargs (variable keyword arguments)
def info(**data):
for key, value in data.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
info(nama="Budi", umur=25, kota="Jakarta")

Lambda Functions

# Lambda (anonymous function)
kuadrat = lambda x: x ** 2
print(kuadrat(5))  # 25
Use with map, filter
angka = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
hasil = list(map(lambda x: x * 2, angka))
[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
genap = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, angka))
[2, 4]

File Handling

Read and Write Files

# Write file
with open("data.txt", "w") as f:
    f.write("Hello, World!\n")
    f.write("Python is awesome!")
Read file
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
content = f.read()
print(content)
Read line by line
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
for line in f:
print(line.strip())
Append to file
with open("data.txt", "a") as f:
f.write("\nNew line")

JSON Handling

import json
Write JSON
data = {"nama": "Budi", "umur": 25}
with open("data.json", "w") as f:
json.dump(data, f, indent=2)
Read JSON
with open("data.json", "r") as f:
loaded = json.load(f)
print(loaded["nama"])

Error Handling

Try-Except

try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Tidak bisa dibagi nol!")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"Error: {e}")
else:
    print("Sukses!")
finally:
    print("Selalu dijalankan")
Raise exception
def validate_age(umur):
if umur < 0:
raise ValueError("Umur tidak boleh negatif")
return umur

Kesimpulan

Python adalah bahasa yang versatile untuk berbagai keperluan. Mulai dengan basics lalu explore libraries seperti NumPy, Pandas, atau Django.