DevOps Grafana Linux Monitoring Prometheus

Cara Monitoring Server Linux dengan Prometheus dan Grafana

· Februari 3, 2026 · 8 menit baca

Monitoring infrastruktur IT adalah krusial untuk memastikan availability dan performance. Prometheus dan Grafana adalah kombinasi modern yang powerful untuk monitoring dan observability. Artikel ini membahas setup lengkap monitoring stack untuk server Linux.

Arsitektur Monitoring Stack

Komponen:
1. Prometheus: Time-series database untuk metrics
2. Grafana: Dashboard dan visualization
3. Node Exporter: Agent untuk Linux system metrics
4. Alertmanager: Alert routing dan management

1. Instalasi Prometheus

Download dan Setup Prometheus

# Buat user untuk prometheus sudo useradd --no-create-home --shell /bin/false prometheus Download Prometheus (cek versi terbaru di github.com/prometheus/prometheus) cd /tmp wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.45.0/prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz Extract tar xvfz prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz Copy binaries sudo cp prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64/prometheus /usr/local/bin/ sudo cp prometheus-2.45.0.linux-amd64/promtool /usr/local/bin/ Set ownership sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/prometheus sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/promtool Buat direktori config dan data sudo mkdir /etc/prometheus sudo mkdir /var/lib/prometheus

sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /var/lib/prometheus

Konfigurasi Prometheus

sudo nano /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

global: scrape_interval: 15s evaluation_interval: 15s external_labels: monitor: 'prometheus' alerting: alertmanagers: static_configs: targets: ['localhost:9093'] rule_files: "alert_rules.yml" scrape_configs: job_name: 'prometheus' static_configs: targets: ['localhost:9090'] job_name: 'node_exporter' static_configs: targets: ['localhost:9100'] job_name: 'remote_servers' static_configs: targets: ['192.168.1.10:9100', '192.168.1.11:9100']

Alert Rules

sudo nano /etc/prometheus/alert_rules.yml

groups:
  - name: node_alerts
    rules:
      - alert: HighCPUUsage
        expr: 100 - (avg by(instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100) > 80
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "High CPU usage detected"
          description: "CPU usage is above 80% for more than 5 minutes"
  - alert: HighMemoryUsage
    expr: (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100 &gt; 85
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: &quot;High memory usage detected&quot;
      description: &quot;Memory usage is above 85%&quot;

  - alert: DiskSpaceLow
    expr: (node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint=&quot;/&quot;} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint=&quot;/&quot;} * 100) &lt; 10
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: &quot;Low disk space&quot;
      description: &quot;Less than 10% disk space remaining&quot;

  - alert: NodeDown
    expr: up{job=&quot;node_exporter&quot;} == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: &quot;Node exporter is down&quot;
      description: &quot;Node exporter has been down for more than 1 minute&quot;
Systemd Service
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service

[Unit]
Description=Prometheus Monitoring System
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/docs/introduction/overview/
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus \
--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
--storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus/ \
--storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d \
--web.console.templates=/etc/prometheus/consoles \
--web.console.libraries=/etc/prometheus/console_libraries \
--web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# Reload systemd
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
Enable dan start
sudo systemctl enable prometheus
sudo systemctl start prometheus
Cek status
sudo systemctl status prometheus
2. Instalasi Node Exporter
Node Exporter adalah agent yang meng-export system metrics untuk Prometheus.
# Download (adjust versi)
cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.6.1/node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
Extract dan install
tar xvfz node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo cp node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64/node_exporter /usr/local/bin/
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/node_exporter
Node Exporter Systemd Service
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service

[Unit]
Description=Node Exporter
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
[Service]
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter \
--path.rootfs=/host \
--collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points='^/(sys|proc|dev|run)($|/)' \
--collector.netdev.ignored-devices='^(lo|docker.
|veth.|br-.*)$'
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# Enable dan start
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable node_exporter
sudo systemctl start node_exporter
3. Instalasi Grafana
# Install dependencies
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https software-properties-common wget
Add Grafana repository
wget -q -O - 
https://packages.grafana.com/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb 
https://packages.grafana.com/oss/deb stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list
Update dan install
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y grafana
Enable dan start
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable grafana-server
sudo systemctl start grafana-server
Cek status
sudo systemctl status grafana-server
4. Konfigurasi Grafana
Akses Grafana
Buka browser dan akses: http://your-server-ip:3000
Default credentials:
– Username: admin
– Password: admin (akan diminta ganti saat pertama login)
Add Prometheus Data Source
Klik Configuration → Data Sources
Click “Add data source”
Select “Prometheus”
Set URL: http://localhost:9090
Click “Save & Test”
Import Dashboard
Klik “+” → Import
Import ID 1860 (Node Exporter Full)
Select Prometheus data source
Click Import
Dashboard lain yang direkomendasikan:
– Node Exporter: ID 1860
– Docker Monitoring: ID 179
– Linux Hosts: ID 10180
– MySQL Overview: ID 7362
5. Setup Alertmanager
Instalasi
cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.25.0/alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvfz alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo cp alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64/alertmanager /usr/local/bin/
sudo cp alertmanager-0.25.0.linux-amd64/amtool /usr/local/bin/
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/alertmanager
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/bin/amtool
Buat direktori config
sudo mkdir /etc/alertmanager
sudo chown prometheus:prometheus /etc/alertmanager
Konfigurasi Alertmanager
sudo nano /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml

global:
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.gmail.com:587'
  smtp_from: '[email protected]'
  smtp_auth_username: '[email protected]'
  smtp_auth_password: 'your-email-password'
templates:

'/etc/alertmanager/template/*.tmpl'

route:
receiver: 'email-notifications'
group_by: ['alertname', 'severity']
group_wait: 10s
group_interval: 10s
repeat_interval: 1h
receivers:

name: 'email-notifications'
email_configs:

to: '[email protected]'
subject: 'Prometheus Alert: {{ .GroupLabels.alertname }}'
body: |
{{ range .Alerts }}
Alert: {{ .Annotations.summary }}
Description: {{ .Annotations.description }}
Severity: {{ .Labels.severity }}
{{ end }}



inhibit_rules:

source_match:
severity: 'critical'
target_match:
severity: 'warning'
equal: ['alertname', 'instance']

Alertmanager Service
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/alertmanager.service

[Unit]
Description=Alertmanager
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
[Service]
User=prometheus
Group=prometheus
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/alertmanager \
--config.file=/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml \
--storage.path=/var/lib/alertmanager \
--web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9093
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
# Enable dan start
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable alertmanager
sudo systemctl start alertmanager
6. Custom Metrics dengan Textfile Collector
Node Exporter bisa membaca custom metrics dari text files.
# Buat script untuk generate metrics
sudo nano /usr/local/bin/custom-metrics.sh

#!/bin/bash
TEXTFILE=/var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector
Backup metrics
backup_count=$(find /backup -name "*.tar.gz" -mtime -1 | wc -l)
echo "backups_completed_today $backup_count" > "$TEXTFILE/backup.prom"
Application metrics
app_errors=$(tail -100 /var/log/app.log | grep -i error | wc -l)
echo "application_errors $app_errors" >> "$TEXTFILE/app.prom"
# Jadikan executable
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/custom-metrics.sh
Buat direktori
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/node_exporter/textfile_collector
sudo chown -R prometheus:prometheus /var/lib/node_exporter
Add ke cron
crontab -e

/5  
  * /usr/local/bin/custom-metrics.sh
7. Query Examples (PromQL)
CPU Usage
# CPU usage percentage
100 - (avg by(instance) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100)
CPU usage per core
100 - (avg by(instance, cpu) (irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100)
Memory Usage
# Memory usage percentage
(node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100
Memory usage in GB
(node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes) / 1024 / 1024 / 1024
Disk Usage
# Disk usage percentage
(node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint="/"} - node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint="/"}) / node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint="/"} * 100
Disk free space
node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint="/"} / 1024 / 1024 / 1024
Network
# Network traffic rate
irate(node_network_receive_bytes_total[5m])
irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total[5m])
8. Backup dan Maintenance
Backup Prometheus Data
#!/bin/bash
# backup-prometheus.sh
DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d)
BACKUP_DIR=/backup/prometheus
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
Stop Prometheus
sudo systemctl stop prometheus
Backup data
tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR/prometheus-data-$DATE.tar.gz /var/lib/prometheus/
Backup config
tar -czf $BACKUP_DIR/prometheus-config-$DATE.tar.gz /etc/prometheus/
Start Prometheus
sudo systemctl start prometheus
Keep 7 days
find $BACKUP_DIR -name "*.tar.gz" -mtime +7 -delete
Maintenance Rutin
# Check disk usage Prometheus
 du -sh /var/lib/prometheus/
Compact data (Prometheus melakukan ini otomatis)
Manual compaction (hati-hati!)
promtool tsdb analyze /var/lib/prometheus/
Kesimpulan
Setup Prometheus dan Grafana memberikan:
Real-time metrics untuk system resources
Historical data untuk trend analysis
Alerting untuk proactive monitoring
Beautiful dashboards untuk visualization
Scalable architecture untuk multi-server monitoring
Stack ini adalah standar industry untuk monitoring infrastruktur modern dan sangat recommended untuk production environments.

Ditulis oleh

Hendra Wijaya

Artikel Sebelumnya Panduan Administrasi Sistem Linux untuk Pemula: User Management dan Permissions Artikel Selanjutnya Data Keluarga Guru di Info GTK: Istri Anak Tangungan

Cara Monitoring Server Linux dengan Prometheus dan Grafana

Arsitektur Monitoring Stack

1. Instalasi Prometheus

Download dan Setup Prometheus

Download Prometheus (cek versi terbaru di github.com/prometheus/prometheus)

Extract

Copy binaries

Set ownership

Buat direktori config dan data

Konfigurasi Prometheus

Alert Rules

Systemd Service

Enable dan start

Cek status

2. Instalasi Node Exporter

Extract dan install

Node Exporter Systemd Service

3. Instalasi Grafana

Add Grafana repository

Update dan install

Enable dan start

Cek status

4. Konfigurasi Grafana

Akses Grafana

Add Prometheus Data Source

Import Dashboard

5. Setup Alertmanager

Instalasi

Buat direktori config

Konfigurasi Alertmanager

Alertmanager Service

6. Custom Metrics dengan Textfile Collector

Backup metrics

Application metrics

Buat direktori

Add ke cron

/5 * /usr/local/bin/custom-metrics.sh

7. Query Examples (PromQL)

CPU Usage

CPU usage per core

Memory Usage

Memory usage in GB

Disk Usage

Disk free space

Network

8. Backup dan Maintenance

Backup Prometheus Data

Stop Prometheus

Backup data

Backup config

Start Prometheus

Keep 7 days

Maintenance Rutin

Compact data (Prometheus melakukan ini otomatis)

Manual compaction (hati-hati!)

Kesimpulan

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