GitHub Actions memungkinkan automation workflow untuk CI/CD. Mari pelajari cara setup dari dasar.

Apa itu GitHub Actions?

Konsep Dasar

GitHub Actions adalah:
- CI/CD platform built into GitHub
- Automate workflows (build, test, deploy)
- Event-driven (push, PR, schedule)
- Free untuk public repos
- 2000 minutes/month untuk private (free tier)

Terminologi

Workflow: Automation process (.yml file)
Job: Set of steps in workflow
Step: Individual task
Action: Reusable unit of code
Runner: Server yang menjalankan workflow
Event: Trigger untuk workflow

Basic Workflow

File Structure

repository/
├── .github/
│   └── workflows/
│       ├── ci.yml
│       └── deploy.yml
├── src/
└── package.json

Simple CI Workflow

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
name: CI
on:
push:
branches: [main, develop]
pull_request:
branches: [main]
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
  - name: Checkout code
    uses: actions/checkout@v4

  - name: Setup Node.js
    uses: actions/setup-node@v4
    with:
      node-version: "20"
      cache: "npm"

  - name: Install dependencies
    run: npm ci

  - name: Run tests
    run: npm test

  - name: Build
    run: npm run build
 
 
Events dan Triggers
 
Common Events
 
on:
  # Push to specific branches
  push:
    branches:
      - main
      - "release/*"
    paths:
      - "src/**"
      - "!src/**/*.md"
pull_request:
branches: [main]
types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
Manual trigger
workflow_dispatch:
inputs:
environment:
description: "Environment to deploy"
required: true
default: "staging"
type: choice
options:

staging
production

Scheduled
schedule:

cron: "0 0 
  *" # Daily at midnight

Release
release:
types: [published]
 
 
Jobs dan Steps
 
Multiple Jobs
 
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Run tests
        run: npm test
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
needs: test # Wait for test job
steps:

uses: actions/checkout@v4
name: Build
run: npm run build

deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
needs: [test, build] # Wait for both
if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
steps:

name: Deploy
run: echo "Deploying..."

 
 
Matrix Strategy
 
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
        node-version: [18, 20, 22]
        exclude:
          - os: windows-latest
            node-version: 18
steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
    with:
      node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
  - run: npm test
 
 
Environment Variables
 
Set Variables
 
env:
  NODE_ENV: production
  API_URL: https://api.example.com
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
env:
BUILD_DIR: ./dist
steps:
  - name: Use env vars
    run: |
      echo "Node env: $NODE_ENV"
      echo "Build dir: $BUILD_DIR"
    env:
      STEP_VAR: step-level
 
 
Secrets
 
jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Deploy to server
        env:
          SSH_KEY: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }}
          API_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.API_TOKEN }}
        run: |
          echo "$SSH_KEY" > key.pem
          chmod 600 key.pem
          # Use for deployment
 
GitHub Context
 
steps:
  - name: Use GitHub context
    run: |
      echo "Repository: ${{ github.repository }}"
      echo "Branch: ${{ github.ref_name }}"
      echo "SHA: ${{ github.sha }}"
      echo "Actor: ${{ github.actor }}"
      echo "Event: ${{ github.event_name }}"
 
Caching
 
Cache Dependencies
 
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
  - name: Setup Node.js with cache
    uses: actions/setup-node@v4
    with:
      node-version: "20"
      cache: "npm"

  # Or manual caching
  - name: Cache node_modules
    uses: actions/cache@v4
    with:
      path: node_modules
      key: ${{ runner.os }}-node-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}
      restore-keys: |
        ${{ runner.os }}-node-

  - run: npm ci
 
 
Artifacts
 
Upload Artifacts
 
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: npm ci && npm run build
  - name: Upload build artifacts
    uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
    with:
      name: build-files
      path: dist/
      retention-days: 7
 
deploy:
 needs: build
 runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 steps:
 
 
name: Download artifacts
 uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
 with:
 name: build-files
 path: dist/
 
 
 
Common Workflows
 
Node.js CI/CD
 
name: Node.js CI/CD
on:
push:
branches: [main]
pull_request:
branches: [main]
jobs:
test:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:

uses: actions/checkout@v4
uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: "20"
cache: "npm"
run: npm ci
run: npm run lint
run: npm test

build:
needs: test
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:

uses: actions/checkout@v4
uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: "20"
cache: "npm"
run: npm ci
run: npm run build
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: dist
path: dist/

deploy:
needs: build
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
steps:

uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
with:
name: dist
path: dist/
name: Deploy to server
run: |
Add deployment commands
echo "Deploying..."


 
 
Docker Build & Push
 
name: Docker Build
on:
push:
branches: [main]
tags: ["v*"]
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:

uses: actions/checkout@v4

  - name: Set up Docker Buildx
    uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3

  - name: Login to Docker Hub
    uses: docker/login-action@v3
    with:
      username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
      password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}

  - name: Build and push
    uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
    with:
      context: .
      push: true
      tags: |
        username/app:latest
        username/app:${{ github.sha }}
      cache-from: type=gha
      cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
 
 
Deploy to Cloud
 
# Vercel
- name: Deploy to Vercel
  uses: amondnet/vercel-action@v25
  with:
    vercel-token: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_TOKEN }}
    vercel-org-id: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_ORG_ID }}
    vercel-project-id: ${{ secrets.VERCEL_PROJECT_ID }}
    vercel-args: "--prod"
Netlify

name: Deploy to Netlify
uses: nwtgck/actions-netlify@v3
with:
publish-dir: "./dist"
production-branch: main
github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
deploy-message: "Deploy from GitHub Actions"
env:
NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_AUTH_TOKEN }}
NETLIFY_SITE_ID: ${{ secrets.NETLIFY_SITE_ID }}

AWS S3

name: Deploy to S3
uses: jakejarvis/s3-sync-action@master
with:
args: --delete
env:
AWS_S3_BUCKET: ${{ secrets.AWS_S3_BUCKET }}
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
SOURCE_DIR: "dist"

 
 
Reusable Workflows
 
Create Reusable Workflow
 
# .github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
name: Reusable Build
on:
workflow_call:
inputs:
node-version:
required: false
type: string
default: "20"
secrets:
npm-token:
required: false
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:

uses: actions/checkout@v4
uses: actions/setup-node@v4
with:
node-version: ${{ inputs.node-version }}
run: npm ci
run: npm run build

 
 
Use Reusable Workflow
 
# .github/workflows/main.yml
name: Main
on:
push:
branches: [main]
jobs:
build:
uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-build.yml
with:
node-version: "20"
secrets:
npm-token: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
 
 
Best Practices
 
Security
 
# Pin action versions
- uses: actions/checkout@v4  # Use specific version
Use secrets for sensitive data
env:
API_KEY: ${{ secrets.API_KEY }}
Limit permissions
permissions:
contents: read
pull-requests: write
Use environments for production
jobs:
deploy:
environment: production
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
 
Performance
 
# Enable caching
- uses: actions/cache@v4
Use fail-fast
strategy:
fail-fast: true
Cancel in-progress runs
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
 
 
Kesimpulan
 
GitHub Actions adalah powerful tool untuk CI/CD yang terintegrasi langsung dengan GitHub. Mulai dengan simple workflow lalu kembangkan sesuai kebutuhan project.