Terminal adalah cara powerful untuk berinteraksi dengan sistem Linux. Mari pelajari command-command dasar.

Opening Terminal

Keyboard Shortcut

Ctrl + Alt + T    - Open terminal
Ctrl + Shift + T  - New tab
Ctrl + D          - Close terminal

Navigasi File System

Current Location

# Print working directory
pwd

List Files

# List files
ls
List with details
ls -l
List all including hidden
ls -la
List sorted by time
ls -lt

Change Directory

# Go to directory
cd Documents
Go to home
cd ~
cd
Go up one level
cd ..
Go to previous directory
cd -

File Operations

Create Files and Folders

# Create empty file
touch filename.txt
Create directory
mkdir foldername
Create nested directories
mkdir -p folder1/folder2/folder3

Copy, Move, Delete

# Copy file
cp source.txt destination.txt
Copy directory
cp -r folder1 folder2
Move/rename
mv oldname.txt newname.txt
mv file.txt /path/to/destination/
Delete file
rm filename.txt
Delete directory
rm -r foldername
Delete with confirmation
rm -i filename.txt

Viewing File Contents

Basic Commands

# View entire file
cat filename.txt
View with pagination
less filename.txt
View first 10 lines
head filename.txt
head -n 20 filename.txt
View last 10 lines
tail filename.txt
tail -f logfile.txt  # Follow updates

Finding Files

find Command

# Find by name
find /path -name "filename.txt"
Find by extension
find . -name "*.txt"
Find by size
find . -size +10M
Find modified in last 7 days
find . -mtime -7

grep Command

# Search text in file
grep "search_term" filename.txt
Search recursively
grep -r "search_term" /path/to/folder
Case insensitive
grep -i "search_term" filename.txt
Show line numbers
grep -n "search_term" filename.txt

User Management

User Info

# Current user
whoami
User details
id
Switch user
su username
Run as root
sudo command

System Information

Basic Info

# System info
uname -a
Disk usage
df -h
Memory usage
free -h
Running processes
top
htop

Package Management

APT (Ubuntu/Debian)

# Update package list
sudo apt update
Upgrade packages
sudo apt upgrade
Install package
sudo apt install packagename
Remove package
sudo apt remove packagename

File Permissions

Understanding Permissions

-rwxr-xr-x
│└┬┘└┬┘└┬┘
│ │  │  └── Others (r-x = read, execute)
│ │  └───── Group (r-x = read, execute)
│ └──────── Owner (rwx = read, write, execute)
└────────── File type (- = file, d = directory)

Changing Permissions

# Add execute permission
chmod +x script.sh
Set specific permissions
chmod 755 script.sh
Change owner
chown user:group filename

Kesimpulan

Menguasai terminal Linux membuka banyak kemungkinan untuk automation dan efficient workflow.