Cara Setup Kubernetes untuk Container Orchestration

· Januari 7, 2026 · 7 menit baca

Kubernetes (K8s) adalah platform open-source untuk automating deployment, scaling, dan management containerized applications.

Apa itu Kubernetes?

Konsep Dasar

Kubernetes mengelola:
- Containers (via Docker/containerd)
- Scaling (horizontal & vertical)
- Load balancing
- Self-healing
- Rolling updates
- Secret management
- Service discovery

Komponen Utama

Control Plane: - API Server: Entry point untuk semua requests - etcd: Key-value store untuk cluster data - Scheduler: Assign pods ke nodes - Controller Manager: Maintains desired state Node Components: kubelet: Manages containers on node kube-proxy: Network proxy Container Runtime: Docker/containerd

Setup Kubernetes

Option 1: Minikube (Local Development)

# Install minikube curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 sudo install minikube-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube minikube start Check status minikube status Dashboard

minikube dashboard

Option 2: Kind (Kubernetes in Docker)

# Install kind curl -Lo ./kind https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/dl/v0.20.0/kind-linux-amd64 chmod +x ./kind sudo mv ./kind /usr/local/bin/kind Create cluster kind create cluster --name my-cluster List clusters kind get clusters Delete cluster

kind delete cluster --name my-cluster

Install kubectl

# Download
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
Install
sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
Verify
kubectl version --client
Enable autocomplete
source <(kubectl completion bash)
echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bashrc

Basic Concepts

Pods

# pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nginx-pod
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  containers:
    - name: nginx
      image: nginx:latest
      ports:
        - containerPort: 80

# Apply kubectl apply -f pod.yaml Get pods kubectl get pods Describe pod kubectl describe pod nginx-pod Logs kubectl logs nginx-pod Exec into pod kubectl exec -it nginx-pod -- /bin/bash Delete

kubectl delete pod nginx-pod

Deployments

# deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: nginx:1.21
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
          resources:
            limits:
              memory: "128Mi"
              cpu: "500m"
            requests:
              memory: "64Mi"
              cpu: "250m"

# Apply kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml Get deployments kubectl get deployments Scale kubectl scale deployment nginx-deployment --replicas=5 Update image kubectl set image deployment/nginx-deployment nginx=nginx:1.22 Rollout status kubectl rollout status deployment/nginx-deployment Rollback kubectl rollout undo deployment/nginx-deployment History

kubectl rollout history deployment/nginx-deployment

Services

# service.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: nginx-service spec: selector: app: nginx ports: - protocol: TCP port: 80 targetPort: 80 type: ClusterIP NodePort Service apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: nginx-nodeport spec: selector: app: nginx ports: protocol: TCP port: 80 targetPort: 80 nodePort: 30080 type: NodePort LoadBalancer Service apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: nginx-lb spec: selector: app: nginx ports: protocol: TCP port: 80 targetPort: 80

type: LoadBalancer

# Apply kubectl apply -f service.yaml Get services kubectl get services Get endpoints kubectl get endpoints Port forward

kubectl port-forward service/nginx-service 8080:80

ConfigMaps dan Secrets

ConfigMap

# configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: app-config
data:
  APP_ENV: production
  APP_DEBUG: "false"
  config.json: |
    {
      "database": "postgresql",
      "cache": "redis"
    }

# Using ConfigMap in Pod
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: app-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: app
      image: my-app:latest
      envFrom:
        - configMapRef:
            name: app-config
      # Or individual env vars
      env:
        - name: DATABASE_URL
          valueFrom:
            configMapKeyRef:
              name: app-config
              key: APP_ENV
      # Mount as volume
      volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /app/config
  volumes:
    - name: config-volume
      configMap:
        name: app-config

Secrets

# Create secret from literal
kubectl create secret generic db-credentials \
  --from-literal=username=admin \
  --from-literal=password=secret123
Create from file
kubectl create secret generic tls-secret \
--from-file=tls.crt=path/to/cert \
--from-file=tls.key=path/to/key

# secret.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: db-credentials
type: Opaque
data:
  username: YWRtaW4= # base64 encoded
  password: c2VjcmV0MTIz # base64 encoded

# Using Secret in Pod
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: app-pod
spec:
  containers:
    - name: app
      image: my-app:latest
      env:
        - name: DB_USER
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: db-credentials
              key: username
        - name: DB_PASS
          valueFrom:
            secretKeyRef:
              name: db-credentials
              key: password

Namespaces

# Create namespace
kubectl create namespace development
Get namespaces
kubectl get namespaces
Set default namespace
kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=development
Apply to specific namespace
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml -n development
Get resources from all namespaces
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

Ingress

# ingress.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: app-ingress
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
spec:
  ingressClassName: nginx
  rules:
    - host: app.example.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /
            pathType: Prefix
            backend:
              service:
                name: app-service
                port:
                  number: 80
          - path: /api
            pathType: Prefix
            backend:
              service:
                name: api-service
                port:
                  number: 8080
  tls:
    - hosts:
        - app.example.com
      secretName: tls-secret

# Install ingress controller (nginx) kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v1.8.0/deploy/static/provider/cloud/deploy.yaml Get ingress

kubectl get ingress

Persistent Volumes

# pv.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: pv-data spec: capacity: storage: 10Gi accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain hostPath: path: /mnt/data pvc.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: pvc-data spec: accessModes: ReadWriteOnce

resources: requests: storage: 5Gi

# Using PVC in Pod
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: app-with-storage
spec:
  containers:
    - name: app
      image: my-app:latest
      volumeMounts:
        - name: data
          mountPath: /app/data
  volumes:
    - name: data
      persistentVolumeClaim:
        claimName: pvc-data

StatefulSets

# statefulset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
  name: mysql
spec:
  serviceName: mysql
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mysql
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mysql
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: mysql
          image: mysql:8.0
          ports:
            - containerPort: 3306
          env:
            - name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
              valueFrom:
                secretKeyRef:
                  name: mysql-secret
                  key: password
          volumeMounts:
            - name: mysql-data
              mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
  volumeClaimTemplates:
    - metadata:
        name: mysql-data
      spec:
        accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 10Gi

Helm (Package Manager)

Install Helm

# Install curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/main/scripts/get-helm-3 | bash Add repository helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami helm repo update Search charts

helm search repo nginx

Using Helm

# Install chart helm install my-nginx bitnami/nginx Install with custom values helm install my-nginx bitnami/nginx -f values.yaml List releases helm list Upgrade helm upgrade my-nginx bitnami/nginx Rollback helm rollback my-nginx 1 Uninstall

helm uninstall my-nginx

Create Custom Chart

# Create chart
helm create my-app
Structure
my-app/
├── Chart.yaml
├── values.yaml
├── templates/
│   ├── deployment.yaml
│   ├── service.yaml
│   ├── ingress.yaml
│   └── _helpers.tpl
└── charts/
Package
helm package my-app
Install local chart
helm install my-release ./my-app

Kubectl Cheat Sheet

Basic Commands

# Get resources
kubectl get pods
kubectl get deployments
kubectl get services
kubectl get all
Detailed info
kubectl describe pod <name>
kubectl get pod <name> -o yaml
Logs
kubectl logs <pod>
kubectl logs -f <pod>  # Follow
kubectl logs <pod> -c <container>  # Specific container
Execute
kubectl exec -it <pod> -- /bin/bash
Port forward
kubectl port-forward <pod> 8080:80
Apply/Delete
kubectl apply -f file.yaml
kubectl delete -f file.yaml
Scale
kubectl scale deployment <name> --replicas=3
Edit
kubectl edit deployment <name>

Debugging

# Get events kubectl get events --sort-by=.metadata.creationTimestamp Resource usage kubectl top nodes kubectl top pods Debug pod

kubectl debug <pod> --image=busybox -it

Kesimpulan

Kubernetes adalah tool powerful untuk container orchestration. Start dengan minikube/kind untuk local development, lalu gradually learn more advanced concepts.

Ditulis oleh

Hendra Wijaya

Artikel Sebelumnya Cara Setup Hugo Static Site Generator Artikel Selanjutnya Cara Setup MySQL Database untuk Development

Cara Setup Kubernetes untuk Container Orchestration

Apa itu Kubernetes?

Konsep Dasar

Komponen Utama

Setup Kubernetes

Option 1: Minikube (Local Development)

Check status

Dashboard

Option 2: Kind (Kubernetes in Docker)

Create cluster

List clusters

Delete cluster

Install kubectl

Install

Verify

Enable autocomplete

Basic Concepts

Pods

Get pods

Describe pod

Logs

Exec into pod

Delete

Deployments

Get deployments

Scale

Update image

Rollout status

Rollback

History

Services

NodePort Service

LoadBalancer Service

Get services

Get endpoints

Port forward

ConfigMaps dan Secrets

ConfigMap

Secrets

Create from file

Namespaces

Get namespaces

Set default namespace

Apply to specific namespace

Get resources from all namespaces

Ingress

Get ingress

Persistent Volumes

pvc.yaml

StatefulSets

Helm (Package Manager)

Install Helm

Add repository

Search charts

Using Helm

Install with custom values

List releases

Upgrade

Rollback

Uninstall

Create Custom Chart

Structure

Package

Install local chart

Kubectl Cheat Sheet

Basic Commands

Detailed info

Logs

Execute

Port forward

Apply/Delete

Scale

Edit

Debugging

Resource usage

Debug pod

Kesimpulan

Artikel Terkait

Tinggalkan Komentar